Filter Media
Most waterfall biological filter boxes have a large space intentionally left open to be filled with a biological media. The beneficial bacteria colonize on and in this filter media, cleaning the water that passes through it. A good biological filter media has a high surface area for the bacteria to colonize on, doesn't deform under pressure or over time reducing the space for bacteria to colonize or water to flow through, and provides excellent flow of water, to keep the bacteria supplied with oxygen and nutrients. Your biological filter media should only be cleaned when you do a whole pond clean out, like in the Spring.
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